King of the Gunrunners
How a Philadelphia Fruit Importer Inspired a Revolution and Provoked the Spanish-American War
How a boisterous fruit importer aided a revolution that triggered a war
Description
By the time he turned thirty at the end of the nineteenth century, John D. Hart thrived as the busiest importer of bananas on the East Coast. A master of ships with a thunderous voice, Hart aggressively carried tropical fruit to an insatiable market with little concern for notions of supply and demand. But when an unexpected crisis hit the fruit business, Hart was unprepared. The financial Panic of 1893 doomed his strategy of bringing in limitless bananas. Jobless consumers could not afford such luxuries. Nearing bankruptcy, Hart was approached by Emilio Nuñez, a member of the Cuban Revolutionary Party—a cadre of exiled conspirators in New York whose singular purpose was to liberate the Cuban island from four hundred years of Spanish rule. Nuñez enlisted Hart as a “filibuster” to transport guns and ammunition to the Cuban rebels. For nearly three years, Hart became the most visible of a disparate group of mariners between New York and Key West who tormented Spanish authorities, riled the US government, and became heroes to an oppressed people fighting to be free.
In King of the Gunrunners: How a Philadelphia Fruit Importer Inspired a Revolution and Provoked the Spanish-American War, author James W. Miller reveals the untold story of a forgotten American whose adventures helped pave the way for the United States’ emergence as an international power. With the Yellow Press trumpeting his exploits, Hart’s influence helped inflame the nation’s mood and made war with Spain inevitable. The quick US victory in what became known as the Spanish-American War compelled Spain to abandon Cuba and cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States, which also annexed the independent state of Hawaii during the conflict. This volume presents the story of Hart, the defiant king of the Cuban gunrunners, who prolonged a revolution, provoked a war, and left an indelible mark on history.
Reviews
"James W. Miller’s King of the Gunrunners is a massively researched treatise on liberty centering on John D. Hart, an American fruit importer who assisted Cuba’s efforts to oust Spanish rule during the Gilded Age. Miller’s literary and historical acumen in this previously untold story reveals how American bureaucratic lunacy and political wrangling targeted Hart and interfered with the Cuban struggle. But Hart prevailed thanks to the biases of the ‘Yellow Press’ which embraced the Cuban struggle and made Hart a public hero. King of the Gunrunners captures the passion for liberty that is as relevant today as it was during the Gilded Age, the so-called ‘quiet period’ between the Civil War and World War I that launched America’s emergence as a global superpower."
- Major General William A. Whitlow, United States Marine Corps (ret.), former director of Expeditionary Warfare Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
"As time marches on, important events in history and the critical actors who affected the outcome of those events can fade into oblivion. In King of the Gunrunners, author James W. Miller allows us to vividly recall John D. Hart, a rascally, tenacious, yet unsung hero of Cuba’s revolt from Spain’s cruel dominance in the 1890s. Miller’s exquisitely detailed account of Hart’s remarkable efforts to get vital weaponry to the Cuban revolutionaries is a lesson for all ages. Miller weaves the fascinating but true tale of how Hart’s blustery and, at times, bullheaded persistence, risking death and imprisonment, overcame ham-handed law enforcement efforts that stood in his way. Hart’s refusal to take ‘no’ for an answer at almost every turn is a lesson to all who struggle for freedom, even in today’s world."
- Judge John Daniel Tinder (ret.), United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
"Jim Miller has given us a swashbuckling tale of a larger-than-life American hero, John D. Hart. This Philadelphia banana tycoon is at the heart of Miller’s riveting story of spies, gunrunners, pirates, and international diplomacy. Who would have guessed that the acolytes of José Martí, Cuban philosopher, poet, and nationalist, would entice an American banana importer to ship arms that fueled a revolution? And how did this help bring America into the war that ended Spain’s colonial rule in Cuba? You will have to read Miller’s fine book to find the answers. It’s a page-turner."
- Nick Mueller, president and CEO emeritus, The National World War II Museum
"In the netherworld of gunrunners and arms traffickers, the persona of the filibuster has long dwelled in the murky obscurity of illegality. To a lesser or greater extent, the filibuster played a decisive supporting role in the cause of Cuba Libre. James W. Miller draws filibuster John D. Hart out from the shadows into full view and into the fullness of his environment. Against the backdrop of national and international tensions, Miller provides a vivid and textured account of the ‘business’ of the filibuster, in pursuit of pecuniary interests and in discharge of well-meaning sympathies, always something of a ubiquitous presence among Cuban patriots engaged in the politics of war."
- Louis A. Pérez Jr., author of The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography and Cuba and the United States: Ties of Singular Intimacy
"A detailed and entertaining glimpse into the operations of American gunrunners and the complexity of their interactions with Cuban revolutionaries."
- Jason M. Colby, author of The Business of Empire: United Fruit, Race, and U.S. Expansion in Central America